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SĚĒĒĆėĞ WėĎęĎēČ—MĆėğĆēĔ IēċĔėĒĆęĎĔē
Effective summarizing leads to an increase in learning. Helping a learner recognize how information is
structured will help them summarize what they read or hear. For example, summarizing of a reading
assignment can be more effective when done within summary frames, which typically include a series of
questions the teacher provides to focus attention to speciϐic content (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001).
Students who can effectively summarize learn to synthesize information, a higher
‐order thinking skill
(HOTS)
which includes analyzing information, identifying key concepts, and deϐining extraneous
information.
KĊĞ RĊĘĊĆėĈč FĎēĉĎēČĘ
Students have to analyze information
at a deep level in order to decide
what information to ignore, what to
substitute, and what to keep when
they are asked to give a summary
(Anderson, V., & Hidi, 1988/1989;
Hidi & Anderson, 1987).
Reading comprehension increases
when students learn how to use
"summary frames" as a tool for
summarizing (Meyer & Freedle,
1984). Summary frames are a series
of questions created by the teacher
and designed to highlight critical
passages of text. When students use
this strategy, they are better able to
understand what they are reading,
identify key information, and provide
a summary that helps them retain the
information (Armbruster, Anderson,
& Ostertag, 1987).
Visit Graphic Organizers for Summarization to locate useful links to
Graphic Organizers and example
Summary Frames
.
Purpose:
Improve Writing Skills
GOAL
(2005). RESEARCHED‐BASED STRATEGIES, Summarizing and Note Taking.
Focus on Effectiveness
. Retrieved 03, 2011, from
http://www.netc.org/focus/strategies/summ.php [
No longer a viable link
].
NOTE:
These materials are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. The following acknowledgment is
requested on materials which are reproduced: Developed by the
Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland, Oregon
.
totallyPic.com, iStock/thinkstock
DoDEA Virtual High School (DVHS)
SęėĆęĊČĞ: SĚĒĒĆėĞ WėĎęĎēČ